토양오염물질의 물리·화학적 특성과 이동성에 따른 환경영향평가 방안

Abstract

Environmental Impact Assessment Schemes Considering Fate and Transport of Soil Contaminants Soil environment has not received much attention from the environmental impact assessor community although soil contamination may affect human health and the eco-system. This study was the first trial to discuss the role and importance of soil environment in the environmental impact assessment (EIA) and suggest possible environmental impact assessment schemes for soil. The objectives of the study were to show the effects of soil contamination on human health, the environment and the social community, suggest efficient EIA schemes in Korea and establish the basic concepts of soil environment assessment involving fate and transport of contaminants and its risk. Soil contamination resulted in various problems in either construction plans or the environment. Discovery of contaminated site during construction may result in time and economic losses due to delay of construction. Thus, EIA needs a through investigation on the soil environment of the construction site. New EIA schemes would be needed to assess the effects of soil contamination on groundwater, surface water and air qualities and the risks of environmental contamination. Analysis of EIA reports revealed that the current soil investigation was conducted within few sampling points of construction sites and conducted only on farmlands which were normally uncontaminated. Most of EIA reports have not dealt with estimation or prediction of soil pollution from implementation of construction plans although EIA guidelines of Korean government clearly ask prediction and reduction of soil pollution resulted from construction projects. This study tried to find efficient EIA schemes to the problems of the current EIA reports. Soil investigation schemes involving several tiers (interview, site reconnaissance, information survey, analysis results) were suggested to identify all possible contaminated areas in the construction site. This study divided the prediction and reduction of soil pollution into three cases; soil pollution during construction, soil pollution during operation, environmental impacts due to soil pollution, and suggested detail EIA schemes for each cases. Preliminary Assessments under CERCLA were introduced to establish basic concepts of soil environment assessment which need to be developed in the following study.