수질분야 환경영향 예측내용과 사후환경조사결과의 비교분석

Abstract

Comprehensive Study on the Relationship between EIA and Post-EIA in the Subject of Water Quality One of the important processes in EIA is to check how the result of EIA would adequately be fulfilled throughout the whole stages of a project from construction to utilization. Monitoring process plays such an important role in EIA because it can detect any significant environmental changes due to development activities as well as it can also verify how the project is well being performed based on the result of EIA. In this research, we analyzed the results of water quality field in EIA and monitoring reports for several EIA-performed projects, which are currently in construction stage, in order to examine critical aspects that are the applicability of the EIA results, the validity of the environmental impacts predicted by EIA, the propriety of suggested mitigation and etc. From the results of data analysis as well as field observations in sites, it is evidently indicated that three major problems in water quality field of EIA are unreality in estimating the amount of water-use or foul water, uncertainty of the effectiveness of mitigation methods for water pollution, and discordance between monitoring plan and monitoring result. The improvement methods related to the above problems has been studied in the research to increase the effectiveness of EIA and proper evaluation methods for the EIA has been discussed. It was found that the monitoring plan and system should be changed to be able to confirm the results of the EIA in the real situation after the EIA. It is, therefore, suggested that the current system of monitoring process in water quality needs to be improved in order to enhance the effectiveness of EIA. For example, first, the management of running water qualities should be separated from that of water facilities. Second, an area-based management method for water system is required. To do that, it is necessary to conduct water quality modeling for small- to mid-sized rivers for the long run. Third, in order to reinforce the water quality control of water system, it is required to decide the target concentration for maintaining the running water quality in relation to the total amount-based pollution control of water quality for major rivers managed by the Ministry of Environment. Finally, it is also indispensable to establish a specific plan for the management of the water quality modeling for all of national water systems.