고압송전선로 전자파에 대한 노출범위 설정 방안

Abstract

Recently, concerns about health risks exposed to electromagnetic fields have been brought in the safety of electric power lines. They are based on the epidemiological study suggesting association between childhood leukemia and long-term exposure to electromagnetic fields from high-voltage transmission lines. A number of governmental and international organizations have advised to avoid the magnetic field exposure to the schools and residential areas as precautionary approaches. In Korea, as well, it would be necessary to develop proper estimation methods and improve specific assessment methods for the housing development project related to the high-voltage transmission line. For this, it would be set up exposure ranges of electromagnetic fields. It would be also needed to study for mitigation methods of the electromagnetic fields exposure. This study is intended to minimize environmental problems that could happen to the housing development project and to lead the plan to the environmentally sound and sustainable development beforehand. Chapter 2 attempts to investigate the present electric power system and applications of electric facilities in Korea and to survey human health risks due to electromagnetic fields and international measures on electromagnetic fields with reference to Protective Measures published by World Health Organization. Chapter 3 analyses the law system related to electromagnetic fields and studies thoroughly the 32 practical Environmental Impact Assessments from 2003 to 2005 on the housing development project, which are related to the high-voltage transmission line. In most cases, the high-voltage transmission line was crossed in the planned area, so the land-use-plan was changed to distance residential areas more than 50-100m far from the transmission line, or the mitigation method was planned to bury transmission lines in the underground tunnel. Chapter 4 analyses the exposure extent of magnetic fields as case study on housing development projects related to the high-voltage transmission line since 2003. It is investigated, as well, the exposure range of magnetic fields in exposure-expected areas. Chapter 5 furnishes methods of setting up the exposure of electromagnetic fields range and assessing the exposure in the housing development project related to electromagnetic fields. The mitigation methods are also investigated. Through the estimation model using available electric current of specific wire, magnetic fields were calculated based on distances. As exposure limits based on Precautionary Principle, a limit of 4mG was established for sensitive use locations such as homes or schools and this value was based upon the epidemiological studies for long term exposure. In the housing development project, the exposure-effective range for new residence was set up as a distance exposed to magnetic field strengths above 4mG from expected electric facilities. Based on the estimated value of magnetic fields from each specific high-voltage transmission line, it was analysed the exposure range would be 30-55m from 154kV transmission lines and 70-90m from 345kV transmission lines. The assessment methods were categorized into assessment items including the present condition study, assessment ranges, survey methods and assessment results and each category was embodied easily to use. For exposure diminution, one of methods was changing the land-use-plan to increase the distance between planned residence areas(such as homes or schools) and high-voltage transmission lines so that the estimated exposure does not exceed 4mG. Mitigation methods include under-grounding, compaction of lines, transposed line, shielding with wire loops etc. In this study, the principles, ranges and survey methods of the assessment on power-frequency electromagnetic fields were reviewed from the relevant research papers and documents. As precautionary approaches are recommended by WHO Protective Measures, it was set up ranges of electromagnetic fields in the housing development project related to electromagnetic fields. Scientific assessment methods were developed and the mitigation methods to minimize exposure effect of magnetic fields were investigated. As well, as the Dutch precaution, the Korea government needs to investigate the exposure effects on residence according to distances from the electric facilities and to set up guidelines for exposure of electromagnetic fields such as exposure limits or minimum distance from the power line, based on the scientific information. In the further study, because of expected problems caused by new construction of the transformer substation, it is necessary to develop specific assessment methods for various transformer substations to minimize environmental impact on the exposure of electromagnetic fields and to preserve the natural landscape in planned areas.