대기업과 중소기업의 환경관리 양극화 현황과 정책과제

Title
대기업과 중소기업의 환경관리 양극화 현황과 정책과제
Authors
이창훈
Co-Author
이윤미
Issue Date
2006-12-30
Publisher
한국환경정책·평가연구원
Series/Report No.
연구보고서 : 2006-22
Page
130 p.
URI
http://repository.kei.re.kr/handle/2017.oak/19261
Language
한국어
Keywords
Industry- Environment aspect
Abstract
This research delineates performance gaps in environmental management by size of firms. The environmental management can be classified in 3 subgroups: environmental management system, environment management of production process, and environmental management of product. The findings reveal that the environmental performance of the firm is inversely related with the firm size, but it is not certain of widening gap because of lack of time series data. In recent years firms that discharge wastewater less than 50m3per day have showed an increasing amount of discharge compared to larger discharger that has reduced the amount. And higher violation of environmental regulation also explains a poorer environmental performance of small and medium sized businesses. In related to environmentally friendliness of products, small and medium sized firms produce much less ’eco-label’ and ’Good-Recycled’-certified products than large firms. In addition, small firms reveal a weakness in the overall environmental management system, which can be shown in the number of ISO14001-certified firms or of ’environmentally-friendly firms’ by the Ministry of Environment. There are many factors to account for the poor environmental performance of small and medium sized firms. Literatures and case studies identify 3 critical factors: 1) lack of information on environmental regulations and technologies, 2) lack of financial resources, and 3) lack of technical expertise. Interestingly, small firms recognize environmental problems more important. It explains that the environmental regulation in form of penalty imposed on violation of emission standards impacts their business more strong. In order to improve the environmental performance of small and medium sized firms, the research suggests following policy options: Firstly, it is necessary to integrate the existing various information systems which provide similar informations on environmental regulations and technologies. In the new system the information providers and consumer interactively should be able to communicate, and the informations need to reach the consumer more actively for example through a sector-specific newsletter. Secondly, it is required to diversify technology support channels for small and medium sized firms. The technology support of ’Environmental Technology Development Centers’ at local universities would not only aid the small firms in solving the technological problems in environmental management, but it would also provide the students of university a good opportunity of practical training. And 19 ’Environmental Engineer Federations’ can support the firms that worry information leaks about their poor environmental performance. Thirdly, it is to improve the inspection system to mitigate burden on small businesses. In the long-term perspective, the existing ex-post control should be replaced by ex-ante approach preventing the pollution. The research suggests introducing a new ’environmental inspector’ system which is similar to ’labor inspector system’ of Ministry of Labor. Environmental inspectors would not only do inspection, but rather consult small and medium firms as a specialist in environmental problems. Lastly, it is necessary to improve the existing ’green purchasing’ system of large firms which is in essence a command and control system. It should be more incentive-driven, considering the condition of small firms. In the new system it would be guaranteed a higher price or a longer term contract for a environmentally friendly products. At the same time, a financial and technological support to small and medium sized firms would help them meeting the environmental standards imposed by large firms.

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