Final comprehensive environmental evaluation
Non-technical Summary i
1. Introduction 1
1.1. Purpose of the Jang Bogo Station 1
1.2. History of Korea’s Antarctic Research 6
1.3. Scientific Research at the Jang Bogo Station 7
1.4. Preparation and Implementation of the CEE for the Jang Bogo Station 10
1.5. Regulations, Standards and Guidelines 11
1.6. Project Management System 13
2. Description of the Proposed Activity 14
2.1. Regional Overview 14
2.2. Proposed Activities 15
2.2.1. Main Activities 15
2.2.2. General Specification of the Jang Bogo Station 15
2.2.3. Transport and Logistics 17
2.3. Station Design 18
2.4. Construction of the Jang Bogo Station 31
2.4.1. Time Schedule and Duration 31
2.4.2. Construction Workers and Accommodation 32
2.4.3. Shipping 33
2.4.4. On-site Assembly of Facilities 34
2.5. Operation of the Jang Bogo Station 34
2.5.1. Energy Management 34
2.5.2. Water Generation 37
2.5.3. Fuels 39
2.5.4. Waste Management 40
2.5.5. Wastewater Management 40
2.5.6. Operation Manual and Training 40
2.6. Range of Impacts 41
3. Alternatives to the Proposed Activity 43
3.1. No-action Alternative 43
3.2. Alternative Locations in Antarctica 43
3.3. Alternative Locations in Cape M?bius Region 46
3.4. Alternative Designs 47
3.5. Alternative Wind Turbine Types 49
3.6. Alternative Transport 50
3.7. Alternative Waste Management Plans 53
4. Initial Environmental Reference State of the Terra Nova Bay Region 55
4.1. Location 55
4.2. Topography and Geology 59
4.3. Sea Ice 63
4.4. Glaciology 64
4.5. Climate 65
4.6. Flora and Fauna 67
4.6.1. Flora 68
4.6.2. Fauna 69
4.7. Human Activities 73
4.8. Protected Areas, Historic Sites and Monuments 74
4.9. Prediction of the Future Environmental Reference State in the Absence of the Proposed Activity 76
5. Prediction of Impacts, Assessment and Mitigation Measures of the Proposed Activities 78
5.1. Methodologies and Data 78
5.2. Air Quality 79
5.2.1. During Construction 79
5.2.2. During Operation 81
5.3. Fuel and Oil Spills 84
5.3.1. Possibility of Fuel and Oil Spills and Impacts 84
5.3.2. Prevention of Fuel and Oil Spills 85
5.4. Waste 86
5.4.1. During Construction 86
5.4.2. During Operation 87
5.5. Wastewater 88
5.5.1. During Construction 88
5.5.2. During Operation 89
5.6. Noise 90
5.6.1. During Construction 90
5.6.2. During Operation 91
5.7. Flora and Fauna 92
5.7.1. During Construction 94
5.7.2. During Operation 97
5.8. Changes in Topography 99
5.9. Scenery and Aesthetic Natural Values 100
5.10. Cumulative Impacts 100
5.11. Dismantling 101
5.12. Impact Matrix 102
6. Environmental Monitoring and Verification 109
7. Gaps in Knowledge and Uncertainties 112
8. Summary and Conclusion 113
9. Preparers and Advisors 115
10. Acknowledgements 117
11. References 118
12. Index 122
13. Appendices 124
Appendix 1. Building Area of the Jang Bogo Station 124
Appendix 2. Hydrograph Around the Proposed Site (2011) 125
Appendix 3. AWS Data at the Proposed Site 126
Appendix 4. A List of Flora Found in the Proposed Site and its Vicinity 127
Appendix 5. Estimated Atmospheric Emissions 128
Appendix 6. Estimated Wastes 134
Appendix 7. Estimated Wastewater 137
Appendix 8. Composite Noise and Point-sound Source Attenuation 138
Appendix 9. Comments Received on the Draft CEE and Response to Comments 139
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