동북아지역의 황사피해 분석 및 피해저감을 위한 지역협력방안 Ⅰ

Abstract

A Study on the Analysing Northeast Asian Dsut and Sand Storm Damages and the Regional Cooperation Strategies The purpose of this study is to analyze the occurrence, effects and damages of Northeast Asian DSS in an integrtaed way and to estimate the actual damage costs, especially focusing on the areas of human health, industry, transport (air transport), education, etc. After analyzing the routes and damages of DSS, this study intends to investigate possible policy alternatives for damage deductions and regional cooperation strategies to prevent the generation of DSS. Recently, the frequencies and intensities of DSS originated from deserts in China and Mongolia have increased a lot in Northeast Asia. The days of DSS occurrence in Seoul reached to 27days in 2001. The exposure of DSS in 2001 has been recorded as the most frequent occurrence ever. In 2002, two heavy DSS occurrences accompanied by strong winds forced many elementary schools closed and a lot of flights schedules cancelled. In addition, the DSS results in various kinds of social and private costs to Northeast Asian countries. The increased concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 due to the DSS in many metropolitan areas gave harmful effects on the human health causing various disease of respiratory system such as asthma, bronchities. The DSS can reduce visibility causing additional traffic accidents, reduction in agricultural productivity, increased defect rate in accuracy industries, and so on. However, there has been few comprehensive study on DSS in Korea. Most studies on the DSS have focused on the atmosphere-chemical characteristics of their components, the meteorological characteristics of their occurrence and transfer-channel to Korea. The research on the DSS damage estimates and efforts to develop policy alternatives for damage minimization are very poor. To address the DSS damages comprehensively and find out appropriate policies for DSS, this study first examined the present status of DSS damages and the root causes of desert expansion in Mongolia and China. This study investigated actual DSS damages happened in Korea, particularly looking at such areas as, health, industry, transport (air transport), and education. Followings are brief summaries of this study's findings although we observed the sudden increases in the PM10 concentration at the time of DSS, the number of out patients in hospitals did not increase simultaneously. This outcomes may attribute to various government's efforts to reduce the DSS damges and peoples preventive maesures. In industry area, over a 56% of enterprises responded to research that DSS affected to their production activities. However, a 82.8% of enterprises responded that they have no investment programs to prevent DSS damages. The semiconductor and electronics industries which require precise production process responded to have their own damage-control program. The amount of sale losses of air transportation industries due to DSS is approximately 580 million won for 102 flight schedule cancellations. The closure of elemntary schools to avoid heavy exposure of children to PM10. costed 11,372,310 suspension hours. This includes 1,063 shortened- class times and 3,096 closed- school times in 2002. Next year this study will calculate the comprehensive DSS damage costs. In addition, this study will try to develop practical and specific policy alternatives for the DSS damages remediation and regional cooperation strategies to combat DSS problems.