몽골 금광산업환경관리시스템평가에 대한 한몽골 공동연구I

DC Field Value Language
dc.contributor.author 최재용 -
dc.contributor.other Mendbayar BADARCR -
dc.contributor.other 이정호 -
dc.contributor.other 이영준 -
dc.contributor.other LEE -
dc.contributor.other Erdene-Ochir -
dc.date.accessioned 2017-07-05T01:34:57Z -
dc.date.available 2017-07-05T01:34:57Z -
dc.date.issued 20041231 -
dc.identifier A 환1185 2004 WO-07 -
dc.identifier.uri http://repository.kei.re.kr/handle/2017.oak/19157 -
dc.identifier.uri http://library.kei.re.kr/dmme/img/001/003/001/[04_WO07]몽골 금광산업환경관리시스템평가에대한 한몽골공동연구(최재용).pdf -
dc.description.abstract The mining industries such as the operation of mine and the extraction of precious metals have played a major industrial role in preparing funda-mental capital for national economic growth in developing countries. Same situation occurs in Mongolia. Gold mining industries in Mongolia generate 70% of total foreign currency. In spite of great economic impor-tance, it may causes negative impacts that lead to destruction of the natural environment and hardship of the local people adjacent to gold mine areas, especially for herders who lose natural pasture land and water resources. For a sustainable development of gold mining industry in Mongolia, national policy or regulation is indispensable to control the environmental problems. This research focuses on the environmental issues during gold mine de-velopment in Mongolia. It also suggests the best outline of environmental policy and management system for sustainable gold mine plan and opera-tion, joining the implementing environmental management system of abandoned metal mines in Korea and gold mining industries of Australia. A total of 11,000kg/year of pure gold is produced from more than 200 of both placer- and hard rock- type gold mines in Mongolia. Most of gold deposits are concentrated in central and southeastern parts of Mongolia. These gold deposits are highly associated with magmatic activities oc-curred from Cretaceous to Recent in geologic time scale. Two placer gold mines were investigated for their environmental status in this research. Shijir Alt Ltd. gold mine company is located near the Tuul River flood-plain area and is one of the largest placer gold mining companies in the Zamaar placer gold district of Central Mongolia. Large-scale mechanical separation of gold is performed with a bucket-line dredge and at least two water washing tools with pressurized water spraying. Due to heavy dredging of soil and water for gold extraction, the area near the gold mine company suffers from various environmental problems such as turbidity increase of river water, pastureland destruction, shortage of drinking and industrial water, and dust spray by used soil dumping. Gurvan Dokhon Ltd. gold mine company is located in the southeast of Ulaanbaatar and one of the major placer gold mines in the Dzuunmod region of Central Mongo-lia. Comparatively small-scale soil excavation for gold extraction is per-formed in this mine. Groundwater from three wells is used for soil wash-ing. The used soils after gold extraction are dumped to the place where the soils have been first excavated. Therefore, the area in which gold mining is ended is rapidly being rehabilitated. The environmental management systems (EMSs) of Korea and Australia for abandoned or operated metal mining areas were reviewed for suggest-ing better establishment of EMS in gold mining industry of Mongolia. In case of Korea, it is noticed that three relevant governmental authorities (Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy, and Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry) have the responsibilities for in-vestigating, assessing, and promoting the restoration projects of aban-doned hard rock metal mine areas. All companies related to the mineral industry of Australia must follow the 12 components of EMS based on “Best Practice Environmental Management (BPEM) in Mining” in order to protect the environment by reducing the adverse impacts caused by min-ing activities. Environmental protection should incorporate with the concept of sus-tainable development to assess potential impacts of a proposed mining development. Governments, mining industry and relevant community organizations also have to work as partners to protect our environment for present and future generations. In mining industry, EMS principles must also be integrated through all phases of mine development from pre-exploration planning, through con-struction, operation, closure and post-mining monitoring and maintenance, because mining extraction and associated processing have the potential to cause severe environmental problems if projects are not properly planned and managed, judging from the case studies of Korea. Mining companies in Mongolia should include the environmental programs in the company strategy. An establishment of comprehensive environmental management system of placer gold mining in Mongolia needs to be essential, which will finally be set up in subsequent research in next year. -
dc.description.tableofcontents Foreword <br>Abstract <br> <br>Chapter 1. Introduction <br>1. Background <br>2. Objectives of Research <br> <br>Chapter. 2. Socio-economic Setting of Mongolia <br>1. Mongolia in Transition <br>2. Socio-economic Trends <br>3. Government Administration <br> <br>Chapter 3. Environmental Status of Gold Deposits in <br> Mongolia <br> <br>1. Status of industrial importance of gold mining <br> industries in Mongolia <br> <br>2. Geological features of gold deposits <br> <br>A. Regional geology and mineral occurrences of Mongolia <br>a. Geological and metallogenical outline of Mongolia <br>b. Gold occurrences in Mongolia <br>c. Main gold deposits in Mongolia <br> <br>B. Hydrological characteristics near gold deposits <br>a. Overview of water resources <br>b. Regulatory and institutional analysis <br> <br>3. Environmental status related to gold deposits <br> <br>A. Environmental roles of relevant authorities for gold <br> mining industries <br> <br>B. Main environmental issues in placer gold mining deposits <br>a. Mineral resource impact <br>b. Archeological and cultural impact <br>c. Nature conservation impact <br>d. Livestock impact <br>e. Farming impact <br>f. Forestry impact <br>g. Water general impact <br>h. Impact of heavy metals <br>i. Process reagents impact <br>j. Visual impact <br>k. Health impact by artisanal mining <br> <br>C. Field studies in the placer gold deposits <br>a. Zamaar Placer Gold Mining <br>b. Placer gold deposits near South Khentii Metallogenic <br> Province <br> <br>4. Case studies on the environmental management <br> systems (EMSs) of developed countries <br> <br>A. Cases of EMSs in abandoned metal mines in Korea <br>a. Background and status of the abandoned mines problems <br> in Korea <br>b. Main pollution sources of abandoned mines <br>c. EMSs for the abandoned mine areas in Korea <br>d. Future improvement of Korea's EMS in mining <br> <br>B. Environmental Management System in Australia's mining <br> industry <br>a. Best Practice Environmental Management in Mining (BPEM) <br>b. Environmental impacts in mining <br>c. Establishing Environmental Management System (EMS) <br>d. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) <br>e. Fundamental principles for the mining sector <br> <br>Chapter 4. Discussion and Summary <br> <br>1. Summary of environmental problems in gold mining <br> in industry of Mongolia 56 <br> <br>2. Best EMS for gold mining industries in Mongolia <br> <br>Reference <br> <br>Appendix 1: Name and location of rivers polluted by <br>placer Mining <br> <br>Appendix 2: State land classification changes 2002-2003 <br> <br>Appendix 3: Mongolian Sectoral Policies, Regulations <br>and Standards <br> <br>Appendix 4: MINERALS LAW OF MONGOLIA <br> <br>Appendix 5: Agreement of Collaborative Research <br> <br>Abstract in Korean <br> <br> -
dc.description.tableofcontents FOREWORD <br>ABSTRACT <br> <br>Chapter 1. Introduction <br>1. Background <br>2. Objectives of Research <br> <br>Chapter. 2. Socio-economic Setting of Mongolia <br>1. Mongolia in Transition <br>2. Socio-economic Trends <br>3. Government Administration <br> <br>Chapter 3. Environmental Status of Gold Deposits in <br>Mongolia <br>1. Status of industrial importance of gold mining <br>industries in Mongolia <br>2. Geological features of gold deposits <br>A. Regional geology and mineral occurrences <br>of Mongolia <br>a. Geological and metallogenical outline of Mongolia <br>b. Gold occurrences in Mongolia <br>c. Main gold deposits in Mongolia <br>B. Hydrological characteristics near gold deposits <br>a. Overview of water resources <br>b. Regulatory and institutional analysis <br>3. Environmental status related to gold deposits <br>A. Environmental roles of relevant authorities for gold <br>mining industries <br>B. Main environmental issues in placer gold mining deposits <br>a. Mineral resource impact <br>b. Archeological and cultural impact <br>c. Nature conservation impact <br>d. Livestock impact <br>e. Farming impact <br>f. Forestry impact <br>g. Water general impact <br>h. Impact of heavy metals <br>i. Process reagents impact <br>j. Visual impact <br>k. Health impact by artisanal mining <br>C. Field studies in the placer gold deposits <br>a. Zamaar Placer Gold Mining <br>b. Placer gold deposits near South Khentii Metallogenic Province <br>4. Case studies on the environmental management <br>systems (EMSs) of developed countries <br>A. Cases of EMSs in abandoned metal mines in Korea <br>a. Background and status of the abandoned mines problems in Korea <br>b. Main pollution sources of abandoned mines <br>c. EMSs for the abandoned mine areas in Korea <br>d. Future improvement of Korea’s EMS in mining <br>B. Environmental Management System in Australia’s mining <br>industry <br>a. Best Practice Environmental Management in Mining (BPEM) <br>b. Environmental impacts in mining <br>c. Establishing Environmental Management System (EMS) <br>d. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) <br>e. Fundamental principles for the mining sector <br> <br>Chapter 4. Discussion and Summary <br>1. Summary of environmental problems in gold mining <br>in industry of Mongolia <br>2. Best EMS for gold mining industries in Mongolia <br> <br>Reference <br> <br>Appendix 1: Name and location of rivers polluted by <br>placer Mining <br> <br>Appendix 2: State land classification changes 2002-2003 <br> <br>Appendix 3: Mongolian Sectoral Policies, Regulations <br>and Standards <br> <br>Appendix 4: MINERALS LAW OF MONGOLIA <br> <br>Appendix 5: Agreement of Collaborative Research <br> <br>Abstract in Korean -
dc.format.extent vii, 107p. -
dc.language 영어 -
dc.publisher 한국환경정책·평가연구원 -
dc.title 몽골 금광산업환경관리시스템평가에 대한 한몽골 공동연구I -
dc.type 수시연구 -
dc.title.original Joint Pilot Studies between Korea and Mongolia on Assessment of Environmental Management System in Gold Mining Industry of Mongolia(I) -
dc.title.partname 정책보고서 -
dc.title.partnumber 2004-07 -
dc.description.keyword 환경영향평가 -
dc.description.bibliographicalintroduction 귀금속 광산업은 개발도상국의 경제 성장을 위한 재원 조달에 가장 큰 산업적 역할을 담당해 왔다. 이러한 상황은 몽골도 예외는 아니며, 몽골의 금광산업은 국가 총 외화수입의 70%를 차지하고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 산업적 중요성에도 불구하고, 몽골의 금광산업은 금광 주변 지역의 자연환경 및 유목용 초지 등의 파괴를 유발하는 부정적 영향의 원인이 되고 있다. 몽골의 금광산업의 지속가능한 발전 및 운영을 위해서, 광산 지역 환경 문제를 통제할 수 있는 정부 차원의 정책 및 규제가 필수불가결한 문제로 대두되고 있다. 본 연구는 한국 내 폐금속광산 및 호주의 금속광산 운영과 관련된 환경관리체계를 결합하여, 몽골의 금광 개발에 따른 환경적 이슈 분석 과 지속가능한 금광 개발 계획 및 운영을 위한 최적의 환경관리체계에 대한 개요를 제안하는 그 목적이 있다. 몽골에서는 2백여개소의 사금 및 갱도형태 광산에는 연간 11,000kg의 금을 생산하고 있으며, 금광의 대부분은 몽골 중앙부 및 남동부 지역에 집중 분포하고 있다. 지질학적 측면에서 몽골의 금광상은 백악기서부터 현세에 이르는 마그마 활동과 깊은 연관이 있다. 본 연구를 위해서 2곳의 사금광산에 대한 환경 현황을 조사하였다. Shijir Alt사가 운영하는 사금 광산은 Tuul강 범람원 유역에 위치하고 있으며, 몽골 중앙부 Zamaar 사금 구역 내 분포하는 금광산 중 가장 큰 규모의 금광 개발이 실시되고 있다. 본 광산은 콘베이어 벨트가 부착된 거대 규모의 dredge에 의한 사금 함유 토양의 굴착 및 고압수의 분사를 통해 기계적으로 금을 분리 생산하고 있다. 이러한 대규모 토양 굴착은 본 금광산 주변 하천수의 탁도 증가, 목초기 파괴, 음용 및 산업용수 부족, 비산 먼지 증가 등의 환경적 문제를 야기시키고 있는 실정이다. Gurvan Dokhon사가 운영하는 사금광산은 Ulaanbaatar 남동쪽 50km 지점에 위치하고 있으며, 몽골 중앙부 Dzuunmod 금광상의 주요 사금 광산 중 하나이다. 본 광산은 비교적 소규모의 dredging을 토해 기계적인 사금 채취를 실시하고 있으며, 3공의 지하 관정을 통해 용수를 공급받고 있다. 본 광산의 특징은 영양분의 풍부한 표토층 및 사금 함유 토양층을 분리, 굴착하여 일정한 곳에 적치한 후, 채취가 종료된 토양층을 굴착된 곳에 다시 되 메우는 방식을 통하여, 채취지역 복원 및 목초지 파괴를 최소화하는 환경친화적 사금 광산 운영에 있다. 몽골 금광산업에 대한 최적 환경관리체계 수립을 제언하기 위해 한국의 폐금속광산 및 호주의 가행금속광산에 대한 환경관리체계를 검토하였다. 한국의 경우, 3곳의 정부 담당 기관(환경부, 산업자원부, 농림부)에서 폐금속 광산에 대한 조사, 평가 및 복원 사업 추진이 서로 유기적으로 시행되고 있는 것이 특징이다. 호주의 경우, 모든 광업관련 기업은 호주 환경부에서 제정한 환경관리시행지침(BPEM)에 의거하여 광업행위에 따른 환경적 악영향으로부터 환경을 보호할 수 있도록 12개항의 규정을 준수하도록 하고 있다. 금광산의 개발 계획부터 폐광에 이르는 전 기간에 걸쳐서 정부 기관, 광업 관련 업계 및 관련 지역 단체간의 유기적인 협동을 통하여 광산 일대의 현행 및 미래 환경을 보호할 수 있도록 신중한 개발계획 수립 및 영향평가를 실시하여야 한다. 환경관리체계 역시 채광량 탐사, 광산 시설 건설, 운영, 폐광 및 사후 모니터링에 이르는 전 단계에 걸쳐서 단계별 관리체계 원리를 확실히 수립하는 것이 매우 중요하며, 몽골의 광산관련 기업에서는 이러한 환경관리체계 원리를 개발계획 전략에 포함시키는 것이 바람직하다. -
dc.contributor.authoralternativename Choi -
dc.contributor.authoralternativename Jae-Yong -
dc.contributor.otheralternativename Mendbayar BADARCR -
dc.contributor.otheralternativename Lee -
dc.contributor.otheralternativename Jeong-Ho -
dc.contributor.otheralternativename Lee -
dc.contributor.otheralternativename Young-Joon -
dc.contributor.otheralternativename Erdene-Ochir -
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