산업클러스터 구축정책과 환경관리

Abstract

In 21st century, Korean government needs a new paradigm on economic and social sectors because of territorial unbalanced development and limited approach in mass production in industrial sectors. The government proposes industrial cluster policy as a response to this by integrating local development policy and industrial policy. The former Korean industrial policies encouraged mass industrial production and protected problems such as environmental conflicts. But in the process of urban sprawl of the capital, polluting industries were invited to install on specially planned areas with small population. During that period, land policy focused to supply industrial park face to industrial needs. That is because factories didn’t concern about local development or local problems. They had any reasons(historical or preferential) on their locality. In fact, there have been environmental conflicts in Korean industrial zone such as Ulsan and Yeo-su, well-known by petro-chemical industries. According to annual environmental inquiry by Ministry of Environment, the environmental qualities of most industrial parks and their impact areas are necessary to satisfy special concerns. Recently, the soil pollution becomes serious instead of air pollution in 1970s and 1980s and water pollution in 1990s. Kalundborg in Denmark had cooperated and among companies, citizen and local authority. This tradition based on each participant’s benefit is known for ecological industrial park. The fair-field industrial park in Baltimore, USA and Thau nearby Montpellier, France are examples of ecological industrial park. Metz, France is an example of successful policy on local industrial cluster on telecommunication. In French regulation on environmental management of industry, DRIRE(Direction Regionale de l’Industrie, de la Recherche and de l’Environnment), in charge of Ministries of Industry and Environment is a reason of the tradition between local companies and authority. DRIRE is origin of AREL(Agence Regionale de l’Environnement en Lorrain) and REEL(Reseau Environnment Enterprises Lorraines). Each cooperation organ has principle of voluntary participation. Ontario’s Canada technology triangle succeed in cooperating between academies and industries. The environmental regulations seem to be heavy but there are not only companies’ compliance effort but also government effort to improve institutions. North Carolina’s Research Triangle Park was initiated and developed by Research Triangle Foundation, a non-profit networking broker or coordinator between academies and industries. Local cities are famous in the U. S. by their high quality of life. Actually diverse brown-field programs continue. Korean cluster policies are two types actually. The first is "Innovative Cluster of Industrial Park" for activating competitiveness in linking R&D and Production. The second type is to transform actual industrial park for Ecological Industrial Park. In the process of these policies, we notice three findings. First of all, two policies have synergies if they implement together in same industrial park. It is because environmental response sometimes benefits companies. The next is managerial issue. All Korean industrial parks are managed by (local or central) government but environmental management is a competence of Ministry of Environment. And for this reason, each side has no tradition to discuss. But in Cheong-ju Industrial Park, park and environmental management is for one group, Cheong-ju Industrial Management Cooperation. It is origin of discussion between companies and citizen of Cheong-ju, proof of cooperation. The last is diverse issues of each industrial park. According to special conditions(industrial sectors, geographical situation, etc), different concerns are necessary to manage environment. In fact, understanding specificities can serve as a solution of problems.