기후변화와 사회통합에 관한 정책과제개발 연구

Abstract

A Preliminary Study of Policy Issue on Climate Change and Social Cohesion The purpose of this study is to identify the conflicts in each areas of societies where climate change is occurring or has the potential to occur and policy implications are analyzed in order to prevent social conflicts due to climate change while overview of policy issues for achieving social integration are proposed. Factors of climate change consist of the following three factors. First is the factor that impacts physical and biological systems of earth. And the changes in physical and biological systems of earth make up the second factor that impacts natural ecosystem and human society. The third factor impacts policy and system, social relationship, and lifestyle due to activities to alleviate and adapt to climate change. Social conflict from climate change can be divided into social conflict resulting from impact and changes in earth’s physical and biological systems, natural ecosystem, and human society caused by climate change and social conflict that arise during the creation of policy to climate change and execution of the process. Both categories of social conflicts from climate change are similar to climate change factors in that they have complex, hierarchical, and interdependent characteristics. Case analysis of social conflicts from climate change leads to vested interest from widespread use of renewable energy, social conflict surrounding ecosystem damage and preservation, regional conflict surrounding distribution of water resources, conflict values between stakeholders, and conflicts in facts and interests. Regarding greenhouse gas emission allocation in domestic and foreign countries including Germany, leads to the conflict s between the government and companies and be in danger of spreading to business·regional·labor conflicts. In regards to policy implication of social conflict from climate change, the first necessary task is to develop a national consensus for climate change phenomenon and effect in order to prevent social conflict and achieve social cohesion. Second, due to far-reaching time-spatial characteristic of climate change, prevention of social conflict from climate change and social cohesion cannot be achieved in a short period of time and it is necessary to develop a fundamental and comprehensive countermeasure over an extended period. Third, for execution of climate change action plans such as utilization of renewable energy, prevention of flooding and drought, securing of water resources and distribution of water rights, allocation of greenhouse gas reduction, etc., it is necessary to develop a rational procedure, standard, and management system to guarantee participation of interested parties. Fourth, the countermeasures for climate change shall place priority in securing and providing required elements for survival. Fifth, policy measures that protect and support business groups directly impacted by climate change such as agriculture, forestry, fishery, and other nature resource dependent groups are necessary. Sixth, customized policies to prevent and improve health discontent and deterioration of quality in the lives of vulnerable classes from climate change are required. Seventh, countermeasures for climate change must be executed with caution while considering other social conflicts that may arise. Based on the results of the above analysis, the following seven policy measures are proposed to prevent social conflict from climate change and induce social integration. First, education training and promotions to improve national understanding of climate change problems should be established. Second, governance system for climate change should be developed. Third, relief from damages and systems that guarantee equity in burden sharing should be introduced. Fourth, policies and systems that guarantee fair distribution of resources should be introduced. Fifth, policies supporting vulnerable industries and workers should be executed. Sixth, customized special policy to support vulnerable classes should be executed. Seventh, countermeasures to prevent social conflict from climate change from transferring and expanding to other conflicts need to be considered.