환경책임과 환경피해보험의 제도화 방안에 관한 연구 Ⅱ

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to result in the introduction of an intensive environmental liability system and environmental impairment liability insurance in Korea. The legal system to redress damage derived from environmental impairment is divided in two categories: first, public compensation system to use administrative litigation for that damage and to suit the system of “Environmental Dispute Resolution”, and second, civil compensation system to use civil tort law for that damage. However, lots of cases to deal the damages is solved by civil tort law and the requirement for compensation in civil tort law is very restricted, limited. Therefore many cases remains unsolved and uncompensated. This is the reason why introduction of environmental liability act is necessary. Devising and enacting an environmental liability law is an urge task in Korea because the characteristics of environmental cases vastly differ from those of other cases with regard to liability limit and source of responsibility. Recognizing these problems and issues, this study suggest that the draft of environmental liability act is composed of necessarily elements which constituted desirable and intensive environmental liability act. Chapter 2 provides the famous environmental pollution cases came form domestic and abroad jurisdiction. Also, Chapter 2 emphasis on necessity of environmental liability act and suggest that the draft of environmental liability act include strict liability regime for environmental damage compensation, relived burden of proof for the plaintiff, exclusion terms in situation of majeur force, opening of information of relevance installation, the provision of assumption of causal link to damage and result, and compulsory environmental impairment insurance to guarantee defendant’s financial implementation capability. Individual provision of the suggested draft bill which is very significant is comprised of the behind theory of each clause, the development of each clause, and selection reason of that provision. Chapter 3, 4 provide the environmental impairment insurance and premise conditions of that insurance. First of all, Chapter 3 prescript the necessity of obligation to join the environmental liability insurance and emphasis on the difficulty for loss adjustment, the systematic requirement of compulsory environmental liability insurance. And it explains the method of risk distribution of result from environmental relevance damage insurance. Chapter 3 studies individual nation’s environmental liability insurance system with the comparative legal methods. It concludes the desirable environmental liability insurance system that is composed of the induced elements form priority research. Chapter 4 induces the desirable operation of environmental liability insurance and explains the importance of compulsory environmental insurance system to optimize the strict liability regime for the relevance environmental pollution damage compensation. Because of the strengthened liability of environmental pollution, the covered installation has to join the environmental liability insurance and then that insurance system is required that government contributes to the risk , aid insurance company and enacts legislation for strict liability regime with liability limit.

본 연구는 2010년에 수행한 “환경책임과 환경피해보험제도의 제도화 방안에 관한 연구”에 이어서 환경책임법제와 환경피해보험의 도입을 위한 연구로 2010년에 시작된 2년간의 기본과제의 2차 년도 마지막 해 연구에 해당한다. 우리나라에서 기존에 시행되고 있는 환경오염피해에 대한 구제제도로서 크게 공법적 측면에 해당하는 행정소송과 환경분쟁조정제도가 있고 사법적 구제제도로서 민사소송에 의한 환경오염피해배상 청구제도가 있다. 이 중 상당한 부분은 사법적 구제제도인 민사소송에 의존하고 있지만, 종래의 사법이론에 따른 환경오염피해의 구제는 여러 가지 측면에서 일정한 한계와 문제점을 드러내고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 중심으로 환경책임의 실질적 구현과 강화를 위하여 환경책임법의 제정 필요성을 강조하고 바람직한 환경책임법의 구성요소를 논의한 것이 1차 연도 기본과제의 주된 목적이었다. 또한 환경책임법의 도입에 따른 강화된 환경책임의 실질적 이행확보를 위해서는 환경피해보험제가 함께 도입·시행되어야 할 필요성을 살펴보았다. 1차 년도에서 수행한 이러한 결과물을 바탕으로 2차 년도 연구에서는 환경책임을 강화하기 위해 필요한 환경책임법의 구체적인 모습을 제시하고 강화된 환경책임의 실질적 이행확보를 보장하기 위한 수단으로 환경피해보험제의 구체적인 요소와 동 제도의 도입에 따른 제반여건을 검토하였다.