[별책부록]환경·경제 통합분석을 위한 환경가치 종합연구 : 2018 국민환경의식조사

Abstract

2018년도는 본 연구의 1단계(2016~2018) 작업을 마무리하고 그 결과를 종합하여 2단계 사업계획(2019~2021)을 정비하는 해이다. 1단계 사업의 주요 목적은 환경·경제 통합분석 시스템의 기반을 마련하고, KEI에서 구축·운영 중인 환경가치 DB(EVIS)를 개편하여 재오픈하는 것이다. 먼저 1권에 정리한 통합분석 시스템 구축은 2016~2018년 3년 동안 사례연구 형태로 진행하였던 생태계 평가, 건강영향 평가, 단위가치 추정으로부터의 연구결과를 통합분석 템플릿 형태로 전환하는 작업에 중점을 두었다. 템플릿은 수용체 종결점(end-point)을 대상으로 방법론적 템플릿을 설계하여 유사한 맥락의 분석에서 참고할 수 있도록 하였고, 각각의 템플릿을 Excel 계산식 형태로 시범적용하여 실질적인 활용 가능성을 제시하였다. 또한 설계한 통합분석 템플릿을 산지 태양광사업으로 인한 환경비용 산정에 적용하여, 사업평가를 위한 의사결정지원 정책도구(tool-kit)로의 발전 가능성을 예시하였다. 2단계 사업(2019~2021)에서는 통합분석 템플릿의 정책·사업평가 적용범위를 확대하는 한편 작성된 템플릿의 정교화 및 자료의 신뢰성을 높이는 작업을 병행하고자 한다. 환경가치 DB(EVIS)는 정보의 접근성과 활용성 제고에 중점을 두어 다양한 사용자 편의기능을 개선하였고, 기존 매체중심의 분류체계를 건강, 생태계, 유·무형 자산 중심의 수용체 기반 분류체계로 재편하여 최근의 환경정책 기조 변화를 반영하고자 하였다. 환경가치 DB(EVIS)는 2018년 10월 말 기준, 시범적으로 오픈하여 사용자 의견을 수렴 중이다. 2단계 사업(2019~2021)에서는 사용자 편의기능을 지속적으로 개선하는 한편 최근에 진행된 가치추정 연구 업로드, DB 자료를 활용한 부문별 단위가치의 주기적 업데이트, 자료가 축적된 부문의 메타회귀분석, 가치이전 간이지침 작성, 가치이전 사례연구 업로드 등을 체계적으로 진행할 예정이다.

This project aims to develop an integrated analytical framework of policy assessment by linking the unit values of environmental goods and services to the magnitudes of physical impacts quantified through the impact pathway analysis, ultimately providing a policy assessment tool-kit. The project is composed of three phases where the each phase lasts for three years with the specific goals. The main objectives of the phase I (2016~2018) are to lay down the foundations of an integrated analytical framework for policy assessment and re-open the on-line DB of economic valuations, Environmental Valuation Information System (EVIS), which has been operated by KEI since 2011 to assist the relevant decision-makings. In 2018, we concluded the 1st phase of the project, consolidated its outcomes, and prepared plans for the 2nd phase (2019~2021). In terms of developing an integrated analytical framework, we began with designing templates based on the results from case studies conducted during the last three years. The case studies included the measurement of changes in quantities of the selected ecosystem services over the period of 1989~2009 due to the changes in land cover and land use (LCLU) by eight ecosystem types and the examination of concentration-response (CR) and/or dose response (DR) functions to investigate the relationships between exposures to pollutants and effects of human health such as mortality and morbidity. Two different kinds of templates are designed for the receptor based end-points. The first kind is conceptual and methodological templates where they help to understand the impact pathway from the human disturbances to end-points and to identify the appropriate methods for each step of assessment. The second kind is operational templates where, in excel format, they can be used to test their applicabilities in practices given data availability. The templates can be customized within similar analyses contexts. We provided the templates for the selected ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, water provision, and water quality and the human-health effects caused from the exposures to fine particular matter (PM10, PM2.5), mercury by food-intakes, and noise. These templates are fundamental building blocks to construct an integrated analytical framework for policy and project assessment and are to be updated when new research findings become available. Furthermore, by applying the templates to calculate the environmental costs associated with constructing a large-scale of solar-panels in the forested areas, we demonstrated their potentials for being developed into a tool-kit for policy assessment. The EVIS is the on-line database on valuation studies conducted in Korea and created to provide meta-information on the main results from each study including full reference, valuation subject in detail, method used, value estimates etc. The EVIS supports an integrated analytical framework and policy assessment by providing information on the unit values of environmental goods and services. The main improvements of EVIS in the phase one include followings: 1) the classification system was revised to adopt receptor-based classification such as ecosystem and ecosystem service, health end-points, and in/tangible assets, 2) the search protocols were improved to provide user-friendly access, and 3) the unit values were summarized and reported based on the revised classifications. Updated version of EVIS was opened as of November, 2018 for the test-run. During the phase II (2019~2021), we plan to further improve EVIS in terms of information accessibility and reliability by systematically pursuing uploads of the recently completed valuation studies; periodic updates of unit values from the database; conducting meta-regression analyses where sufficient data have been accumulated; providing the guidance for value transfer; and uploads of main results of the previous case studies.