농촌 토지 이용구조 변화와 환경영향

Abstract

It is expected that there will be a big change in agricultural sector such as reduction of paddy field areas, decrease of animal feeding after agricultural market open. Such a change of agricultural market will cause the change of agricultural land use patterns. Since demand for land use for cities are increasing, idle agricultural land near cities is expected to be converted to city-uses. The change of agricultural land use pattern, thus, will cause change of environment in rural areas. The objective of this research is to analyze the environmental effect of agricultural change and to suggest environmental policy recommendations. The environmental effects are categorized as agricultural landscape, agricultural waster use, agricultural non-point source pollution emission. 1) Impact on Agricultural landscape There are already a lot of changes in agricultural landscape near big cities and city and rural complex cities due to the reduction of rice field areas. The problems during conversion of rice and dry field areas to city land are demage of rural landscape due to small size and unplanned development, extension of roads and housing facilities without considering environment, and lack of linkage between agriclutal land use and national land use plan. 2) Impact on Agricultural Water Use The change of agricultural water supply will be highly affected by the reduction of rice field areas. However, the demand reduction has not been properly estimated yet. The problems with respect of agricultural water use are firstly, reestimation of demand and supply of agricultural water use reflecting the change of agricultural land use patterns; secondly, choice of crops and farming method; thirdly management of agricultural water supply facilities. 3) Non-point source pollution in Agricultural areas The reduction of agricultural land will cause the change of emission of non-point source pollution in rural areas. The problems are the expected increase of chemical fertilizer, increase of pesticides use and increase of agricultural waste such as waste-pesticide bottles, waste vinyl. Environmental policy recommendations are given based on the problems, impacts found in this research due to the reduction and conversion of agricultural land. 1) Planned management of agricultural land Firstly, planning system for agricultural land use has to be prepared. The organization of rural areas and conservation of rural nature should be prepared from planning stage within comprehensive national land use plan in order to minimize demage of rural environment since it is irreversible. Secondly, usage classification of agricultural land should be established for both agricultural and non-agricultural use of the land in order to prevent small-sized and unplanned development. Thirdly, environment-friendly development of rural areas which locate near cities should be achieved. Thus, use of idle land in cities, redevelopment and rebuilding of areas within city area need to be arranged prior to use of agricultural land. 2) Implications on Environmental Management Policies of Rural Areas Firstly, environmental management specific for rural areas considering the nature of agricultural areas since rural areas are very differ from cities with respect to environmental characteristics. Reestimation of demand for agricultural water by region and thus counterplan to manage unuseful or abandoned small water dam for agricultural use can be made. Also, detailed water pollution prevention plan is necessary for suspended materials and water pollution from agricultural topsoil loss and other pollution. Also, agricultural waste is being managed as waste of municipal solid waste currently. The waste vinyl and pesticide bottle generated are gradually increasing due to farming method change after agricultural structure transition and thus oughted be managed differently from municipal solid waste. Secondly, the importance of rural landscape should be included in nature conservation policy. Nature conservation policy deals with eco-system, national park and specific species mainly. Nature conservation policy need to be extended to include landscape issues related to cities and rural areas. Thirdly, landscape management policy need to be differentiated according to the characteristic of rural area. Landscape for suburban areas and rural areas near cities are managed considering both conservation and development within a comprehensive land use plan, but landscape for the innerland rural area should be considered in terms of equity and conservation. Fourthly, Economic value of rural environment should be included in rural land use plan. Since some rural areas have environmental importance according to its specific nature, the environmental importance should be considered as a economic value when rural land use plan is established. This way, the conservation of rural environment can be achieved and demage of important rural environment will be minimized.